Mix 2 tbsp water, 1 tsp salt, and baking soda in a small bowl.
Break turkey into ½-inch pieces, drizzle with the mixture, and set aside.
Toast anchos and guajillos in a Dutch oven over medium-high heat for 2-6 mins.
Transfer to a food processor and cool.
Add tortillas, cumin, paprika, garlic powder, oregano, coriander, and pepper to the food processor.
Process until finely ground, 1-2 mins.
Heat oil in the pot over medium heat.
Add onions and 1 tsp salt, cooking until softened and browned, 6-8 mins.
Add garlic and cook until fragrant, 30-60 seconds.
Add tomato paste and cook for 1 min.
Add turkey, breaking into ¼-inch pieces, and cook until no longer pink, 6-8 mins.
Stir in chile mixture until fragrant, about 1 min.
Add beans with liquid, broth, tomatoes, sugar, and remaining ½ cup water.
Stir and bring to a simmer.
Cover, cook for 10 mins, stirring occasionally.
Season with salt to taste and serve.